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By: Lim Sukrat Abstract Besides loading with social infrastructures and government's headquarters, Daun Penh district also have cultural heritage, architectural identity, and urbanization.
This heritage has stirred researchers’ interest to compile documents and to find ways to hinder the gradual disappearance of the district’s heritage. The research contributes to the set up of rules and provides bibliographies for the sake of the nation's development. The topic raised is due to the problems practically happening in the district of Daun Penh, as well as in Phnom Penh. The loss of national architectural identity would lead to the loss of nation’s spirit; continuing when the Cambodians live their lives without nationalistic spirit, it can lead to destroy one's own race. Nowadays, the use of space for housing had not taken into account the architectural techniques along with the anarchic buildings and shelters have caused well-being problems in the living of the people in the district. We have observed that the community space has also lost space because they are located in the areas where air is not adequately circulated, passages are inaccessible in case of emergency, and full of uncontrollably-thrown garbage. Meanwhile, the imbalance of living space and population growth led to the invasion of public spaces and land disputes frequently occurred. The effectiveness of law has been blamed, as the relevant institutions are not able to resolve these problems. Daun Penh, a district of Phnom Penh, is rich of national cultural treasures, urbanization prestige, and it is also the place where international tourists can see the Khmer's post-Angkorian civilization. At the same time of globalization, Cambodia has to focus on cultural heritage conservation, especially to keep the cultural identity of each country in the region, named Ten Cultures in ONE ASEAN, which is the vision of ASEAN. We have noticed the municipality is trying to conserve cultural treasures for Khmer citizens and to present traditions, customs and history to foreign tourists. From the three reasons mentioned above, this research papers hope to be one of the references for creating and implementing law on city planning and construction, and particularly for researchers of next generations. The research paper mainly focuses on the private space and community space and green spaces of Daun Penh based on the present factual aspects. For a long time ago Khmer people named different spaces according to their functions and also have different point of views related to the space of their architectures. Khmer's lives are linked to the nature, activities and the surrounding environment of their places of living because of superstitions. This is showed in examining land, choosing wood and celebrating rituals before building their shelters. The carving models do not always identify Khmer architecture. On the contrary, it can be identified by its plans, building structures (height of wall and roof), or roof shapes, especially the whole plan of the building on the site. Space can be noted by its functions and class, and it is related to cosmology because the Khmer give values to natures; land, water, fire and air. They use these four elements to develop the potential of space. In urbanization, the study of space must follow the axis, which balances the geometrical urbanization and the axis symmetry because it modifies the mutual sides along with the structure showing the various cultures. Data and rhythm absolutely contribute to the beauty and order, which initiated by the architects or the urbanization experts. The circulation do not tell us only the changing, closeness or the entrance of different spaces but also the overview of the relationship or the form of space through fastening to other space or creating an image of the surroundings for the people. With its various forms, green space plays a very important role in urbanization. For instance, the river front parks, city parks (Vealmeyrok), Liner Park (garden of Independence monument), the street scopes and so on. The research of the housing studied shows that people do not use enough space to meet the standard level. The types of buildings may vary but the size of bedrooms should be at least 6 m2 big for one person. Because all types of buildings studied located in the densely populated quarters, the price of land is so high that people need to build attics even though it is against the law. The community’s spatial quality—welfare and sanitation appear to be easily lost because people keep expanding their houses or crowding secretly in tight quarters. Most public green spaces are abused as sports field, games or other forms of entertainment so we need to build more parking spaces for the residence and other businesses. As we all know the importance of space in one’s residence and one’s society, so every architectural and urbanization plan must be well designed and clearly explained to the public. Everything would not be operated smoothly without the co-operation of the authority as well as the local people that based on the prestige of individual’s living. The consequence of not concerning about one’s space, one’s society and especially the surrounding will not only end up in harming one’s own happiness but also other people and animals in the entire world. The abstract of space has a broad meaning, because time has changed a lot of the world’s behaviors through perceptions and reflections that is why we recognize the effects or the reality of advanced science. Actually Khmer has a very long history of architecture. The temples laid through out the country are the obvious examples. So more researches should be persevered in discovering more about space because we will get both the philosophical concepts and other scientific advantages. The relationship between space and time seems to be abstract which attracts big attention. Only with advanced research team may we be able to explain clearly about this unpredictable meaning of it. Institution: Royal Academy of Cambodia Supervisor: Mr. Hang Rithyravuth (Ph.D) Degree: Master of Fine Art in Architecture and Urbanization Year: 2002 |
